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Do You Gain Or Lose Weight After Stopping Birth Control

Do You Gain Or Lose Weight After Stopping Birth Control

There is never any dearth of advice when it comes to exercise & diet. Sadly, a large majority of them are unscientific. One of the common excuse or reasoning that we hear from people about exercising is that – “If you stop exercises, you will gain weight and hence it is not a good idea to exercise when you want to lose weight. Instead, just control the food and do a strict diet ‘.

Often people advise against going to the gym or doing workouts ; their claim is that, once you start you have to continue forever and the day you stop, you will start gaining weight and all the hard work you put in will go to waste. But have we ever considered the actual scientific facts before we start believing in all this hearsay?

Why

The human body needs energy for its daily functions. The digestive system helps in breaking down the food and liquid we take into smaller parts and absorb the nutrients into the bloodstream which is how our body gets energy. The energy released when the body breaks down food is called calories. The energy released by the body is directly proportional to the calorie content of the food we take. The energy needs of every individual differ as per age, gender, lifestyle, etc.

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To gain weight, we should maintain a diet which is high in calories and it should be more than the energy used by the body for daily activities. In other words, you should eat more calories than you spend.  Such a calorie surplus is needed to put on weight. Likewise, in order to lose weight, we must maintain a calorie deficit, ie; the calorie consumed from the food should be lesser than the daily calorie requirement or daily calorie spend of the body.

So, a calorie deficit is what is needed to lose some weight, and you can achieve such a calorie deficit by two means – 

When a person works out he will be burning an average of 300-600 calories, depending on the type and intensity of exercise. To put it differently, if you exercise your calorie need for a day is more. This means you can eat slightly more and still be within a calorie deficit! It will also make sense to compensate the calories thus burnt through food rich in protein which in turn will assist in lean muscle gain.

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Naturally, when you stop the exercise, your daily calorie spend is lesser.  And when the calorie burn declines, the food intake also should be adjusted so that there is a balance between the calories-in vs calories-out. The imbalance in calorie intake and output is the reason for weight loss or weight gain!

So if you stop exercises, you no longer have the luxury of eating more. If you gain weight after stopping exercises is because you reduced your calorie spend but did not reduce your calorie input also accordingly!

Weight gain or weight loss is not related to exercise; rather it depends on calorie surplus or calorie deficit. If you are exercising, there is a very high chance that you are on a calorie deficit and you will lose weight. And if you stop exercises and continue to eat the same old quantity of food, then you will be on a calorie surplus and end up gaining weight. Most often, people discontinue their workouts but continue to have the same dietary habits. 

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If you don’t reduce the calories in accordance with the reduction in your activities, you will invariably gain weight as the excess calories are almost always stored as fat. Research Weight gain in smokers after quitting cigarettes: meta-analysis 2012; 345 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/.e4439 (Published 10 July 2012) Cite this as: 2012;345:e4439

How

Objective To describe weight gain and its variation in smokers who achieve prolonged abstinence for up to 12 months and who quit without treatment or use drugs to assist cessation.

Data sources We searched the Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) and trials listed in Cochrane reviews of smoking cessation interventions (nicotine replacement therapy, nicotinic partial agonists, antidepressants, and exercise) for randomised trials of first line treatments (nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline) and exercise that reported weight change. We also searched CENTRAL for trials of interventions for weight gain after cessation.

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Review methods Trials were included if they recorded weight change from baseline to follow-up in abstinent smokers. We used a random effects inverse variance model to calculate the mean and 95% confidence intervals and the mean of the standard deviation for weight change from baseline to one, two, three, six, and 12 months after quitting. We explored subgroup differences using random effects meta-regression.

Results 62 studies were included. In untreated quitters, mean weight gain was 1.12 kg (95% confidence interval 0.76 to 1.47), 2.26 kg (1.98 to 2.54), 2.85 kg (2.42 to 3.28), 4.23 kg (3.69 to 4.77), and 4.67 kg (3.96 to 5.38) at one, two, three, six, and 12 months after quitting, respectively. Using the means and weighted standard deviations, we calculated that at 12 months after cessation, 16%, 37%, 34%, and 13% of untreated quitters lost weight, and gained less than 5 kg, gained 5-10 kg, and gained more than 10 kg, respectively. Estimates of weight gain were similar for people using different pharmacotherapies to support cessation. Estimates were also similar between people especially concerned about weight gain and those not concerned.

Maintained

Conclusion Smoking cessation is associated with a mean increase of 4-5 kg in body weight after 12 months of abstinence, and most weight gain occurs within three months of quitting. Variation in weight change is large, with about 16% of quitters losing weight and 13% gaining more than 10 kg.

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Although smoking cessation results in considerable improvements in health, it is often accompanied by weight gain. The link between smoking and body weight has been known for many years. Cross sectional studies show that, on average, smokers weigh less than non-smokers, and former smokers weigh more than both smokers and non-smokers.1 A large prospective study has shown that adolescents who initiate smoking gain less weight than their non-smoking peers.2 Cohort studies also show that people who stop smoking gain weight.1 3 4 5 6 7 8 Smoking cessation probably causes weight gain because nicotine (in cigarettes) is an appetite suppressant.3 One of the most common and longlasting symptoms of tobacco withdrawal is increased appetite.9 Furthermore, evidence suggests that nicotine increases the basal metabolic rate, and removal of this effect results in a decline in energy expenditure at a time when appetite is increased.3

Estimates of the amount of weight that smokers gain when quitting have varied. A large narrative systematic review1 done over 20 years ago concluded that weight gain from smoking cessation was typically 2.9 kg, and this estimate or similar is often quoted in smoking cessation advice leaflets. However, the review did not describe the method of combining estimates, and could have provided an inaccurate estimate of weight gain for several reasons. Firstly, follow-up periods in the 41 prospective studies reviewed varied from two weeks to 40 years. Secondly, measures of both smoking and weight were often self reported, without validation. Thirdly, the definition of smoking cessation was often not clear and probably included people who were “point prevalent” abstinent at the time of follow-up.

People who meet the definition of point prevalence abstinence will include those who have been continuously or intermittently abstinent for years, or those who have recently stopped only days or weeks before measurement. Point prevalence abstinence was more likely to have been used in the population based studies included in this review, such as the Framingham study, 10 because participants were not given a target quit date and followed from that point. A previous study has shown that the mean weight gain in studies measuring point prevalence abstinence was lower than those measuring weight change in continuous abstainers.11

How

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We aimed to describe weight changes seen in smokers who were motivated to quit. Data in this study were derived from clinical trials of first line smoking cessation drugs and from trials of interventions designed to limit weight gain after cessation. We previously published a Cochrane review that examined the effectiveness of these interventions on preventing such weight gain in the short term and at six and 12 month follow-up in full detail.12 The three treatments commonly used around the world are nicotine replacement therapy, bupropion, and varenicline. In brief, the Cochrane review showed that all three treatments reduced weight gain by 0.5 kg (nicotine replacement therapy), 1.1 kg (bupropion), and 0.4 kg (varenicline). There was no evidence that any of them reduced weight gain at one year, but the data were too imprecise to exclude effects of similar size. In the present study, rather than describing the effect of treatment on limiting weight gain, we described the weight change over time, and its variability between individuals for smokers who quit using these treatments, and for those who quit without using them, during the first 12 months of abstinence.

The aim of this study was to estimate the mean weight change, and

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